What is the exact frequency of musical note A0?

In 12-Tone Equal Temperament (12-TET) with concert pitch A4 = 440 Hz (ISO 16:1975), the exact acoustic frequency of A0 is 27.5 Hz.

What is the acoustic wavelength of A0 in air?

At standard room temperature (20°C / 68°F) where sound travels at 343.21 m/s, the acoustic wavelength of A0 is approximately 1248.04 cm (12.48 meters).

What is the piano key and MIDI number for A0?

A0 corresponds to piano key number 1 on a standard 88-key keyboard, and MIDI note number 21.

How is the frequency of A0 calculated?

It is calculated using the formula f = 440 · 2^((k - 49)/12), where k is the piano key number (1) and 49 represents A4 (440 Hz).

Acoustics & Musical Physics Labf = 440 · 2^((k-49)/12) • λ = v / f

A0 (27.5 Hz) Note to Frequency Calculator

Discover the acoustic frequency, wavelength in air, MIDI number, and physical tuning mathematics for musical note A0.

12-Tone Equal Temperament Pitch

A0(Key #1, MIDI 21)

Frequency

27.50 Hz

Wavelength (Air @ 20°C)

12.48 m

Period (T = 1/f)

36.36 ms

Interactive 88-Key Piano KeyboardScroll or click keys to navigate

A0 #

C1 #

D1 #

F1 #

G1 #

A1 #

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F2 #

G2 #

A2 #

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F3 #

G3 #

A3 #

C4 #

D4 #

F4 #

G4 #

A4 #

C5 #

D5 #

F5 #

G5 #

A5 #

C6 #

D6 #

F6 #

G6 #

A6 #

C7 #

D7 #

F7 #

G7 #

A7 #

The Physics of Note A0 (27.5 Hz)

When A0 is played on a piano or acoustic instrument, vibrating strings or air columns compress adjacent atmospheric molecules at a fundamental frequency of 27.5 cycles per second (Hz). In standard air at 20°C, each compression wavefront is separated by 1248.04 cm.

12-Tone Equal Temperament (12-TET)

In modern Western music, the octave is divided into 12 equal logarithmic intervals. The frequency ratio between every adjacent semitone is the twelfth root of two (¹²√2 = 2^1/12 ≈ 1.059463).

f=440·2^{(k − 49) / 12}

Acoustic Standing Waves & Resonators

To produce A0, open cylindrical organ pipes require an acoustic length of λ / 2 ≈ 624.0 cm, while closed resonators resonate at a quarter-wavelength λ / 4 ≈ 312.0 cm.

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Traian AnghelAuthor & Reviewer

Physics Teacher & Educational Technologist • Brăila, Romania

Last Reviewed: August 2026

Wave Lab calculators are constructed using rigorous peer-reviewed physics formulas from verified metrological repositories. Every equation, spectral conversion, and acoustic property is tested against NIST, CIE, and ISO datasets.

Verified Sources:NIST CODATACIE 1931 2° ObserverNASA Glenn Research

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