Accessibility & Optics LabRatio = (L₁ + 0.05) / (L₂ + 0.05)

WCAG 2.1 Contrast & Luminance Calculator

Verify text legibility and color compliance against W3C Level AA and AAA standards with real-time photometric luminance scoring.

WCAG 2.1 Sample Preview
17.24:1 Ratio
Large Heading Text (24px Bold)

Standard 16px body copy: Optical wave mechanics and photon energy quantization.

Laboratory Contrast Presets

WCAG 2.1 Compliance Matrix

Luminance: FG 0.009 / BG 0.972
Normal Text (<18pt / <24px)
AA (≥4.5:1) PASS
AAA (≥7.0:1) PASS
Large Text (≥18pt / ≥24px)
AA (≥3.0:1) PASS
AAA (≥4.5:1) PASS
UI Components & Icons
AA (≥3.0:1) PASS
Ratio ScoreAAA High
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The Photometric Science of Visual Contrast

Visual accessibility is grounded in human neurobiology. When reading on electronic displays, the eye detects character boundaries through luminance differences between adjacent retinal receptive fields rather than color hue alone.

Photopic Luminance Equation

Relative luminance L measures physical radiant power weighted by the human spectral sensitivity curve V(λ):

L = 0.2126 · Rlin + 0.7152 · Glin + 0.0722 · Blin

Weber-Fechner Contrast Ratio

The constant +0.05 offset accounts for ambient flare light in typical viewing environments:

Ratio = (Llighter + 0.05) / (Ldarker + 0.05) : 1
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Traian Anghel
Traian AnghelAuthor & Reviewer

Physics Teacher & Educational TechnologistBrăila, Romania

Last Reviewed: August 2026
Wave Lab calculators are constructed using rigorous peer-reviewed physics formulas from verified metrological repositories. Every equation, spectral conversion, and acoustic property is tested against NIST, CIE, and ISO datasets.
Verified Sources:NIST CODATACIE 1931 2° ObserverNASA Glenn Research

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